Studying in productivity in agriculture countries is beneficial to government to design appropriate agricultural development policies. This article used the output distance function to decompose the agriculture’s total factor productivity (TFP) growth of 23 provinces, which is segmented into North and Northeast regions, in Thailand. The unobserved inefficient movement used in this article is flexible in the short time period. The iterative FE-3SLS estimation is adopted to correct the endogeneity problem. The results shows that agricultural production is decreasing return to scale. TFP growth was primarily driven by the scale effect, while technical inefficiency change and technical progress change have slightly effect on TFP. Moreover, the gap in TFP differences among provinces is widening and does not disappear in the long run.